La Performatividad del derecho internacional en el Egipto faraónico

Retórica y (des)equilibrio de las partes en el tratado entre Ramsés II y Hattusili III

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62169/rg.i33.590

Palabras clave:

TRATADO EGIPCIO-HITITA, RAMSÉS II , PERFORMANCE INTERNACIONAL , DERECHO INTERNACIONAL EN LA ANTIGÜEDAD , HEGEMONÍA

Resumen

Se ha sostenido que el “tratado eterno” egipcio-hitita firmado entre Ramsés II y Hattusili III es un claro ejemplo de un acuerdo de paridad. Sin embargo, un análisis del vocabulario de su versión jeroglífica lleva a identificar la implementación de una estrategia discursiva destinada a consagrar un poder político-religioso que se oculta detrás de una aparente igualdad jurídica propia de una negociación internacional entre soberanos. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar, desde las teorías actuales sobre la performatividad del derecho internacional, que en realidad la ideología de la fraternidad, la amistad y la reciprocidad —claramente presentes en el texto— no resulta contradictoria con las pretensiones hegemónicas egipcias. Un análisis de esta tensión permite concluir que ambas dimensiones resultan aspectos complementarios de un complejo dispositivo normativo interestatal donde equiparación y distanciamiento integran una dialéctica retórica efectiva. El ejemplo histórico es útil para ilustrar la dialéctica igualdad/desigualdad que caracterizará la esencia del derecho internacional público hasta nuestros días.

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VERZIJL, Jan H. W. (1968). International law in Historical Perspective, vol. I, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.

WARBURTON, David (1997) “Kadesh and the Egyptian Empire”. Journal of Ancient Civilizations 12; 125-147.

WARBURTON, David (1997). State and Economy in Ancient Egypt: Fiscal Vocabulary of the New Kingdom, Fribourg/Göttingen: Fribourg University Press/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

WARBURTON, David (2003). “Love and War in the Late Bronze Age: Egypt and Hatti”, en MATTHEWS, Roger & Cornelia ROEMER (eds.). Ancient perspectives on Egypt, London: UCL Press; 75-100.

WESTBROOK, Raymond (2000a). International Law in the Amarna Age, en COHEN, Raymond & Raymond WESTBROOK (eds.). Amarna diplomacy: the beginnings of international relations, Baltimore/London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 28-41.

WESTBROOK, Raymond (2000b). Babylonian Diplomacy in the Amarna Letters, Journal of the American Oriental Society 120 (3); 377-382.

ZACCAGNINI, Carlo (2000). “The Interdependence of the Great Powers”, en COHEN, Raymond & Raymond WESTBROOK (eds.). Amarna diplomacy: the beginnings of international relations, Baltimore/London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 141-153.

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Instrumenta studiorum: diccionarios y gramáticas consultados

ALLEN, James P. (2010). Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

ČERNÝ, Jaroslav & Sarah ISRAELIT-GROLL (1993). A Late Egyptian Grammar, 4th edition, Rome: Biblical Institute Press.

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ERMAN, Adolf & Herman GRAPOW (1971). Wörterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache, Bd. I-V, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

FAULKNER, Raymond O. (1981). A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute.

GARDINER, Alan H. (1957). Egyptian Grammar being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

GRACIA ZAMACONA, Carlos (2017). Manual de Egipcio Medio, 2da edición, Oxford: Archaeopress.

JUNGE, Friedrich (2005). Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, 2nd edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute.

KOROSTOVTSEV, M. (1973). Grammaire du néo-égyptien, Moscou: Édition “Naouka” / L’Académie des Sciences de l’U.R.S.S.

LESKO, Leonard H. & Barbara SWITALSKI LESKO (2002). A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, Vol. I, 2nd Edition, Providence: B. C. Scribe.

LESKO, Leonard H. & Barbara SWITALSKI LESKO (2004). A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, Vol. II, 2nd Edition, Providence: B. C. Scribe.

NEVEU, François (2015). The Language of Ramesses: Late Egyptian Grammar, Oxford: Oxbow Books (edición original: Paris: Khéops, 1996).

OBSOMER, Claude & Sylvie FAVRE-BRIANT (2015). Hieroglyphic Egyptian: a practical grammar of Middle Egyptian, Brussels: Safran.

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2024-12-18

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