EFFECTIVENESS OR INEFFECTIVENESS OF ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES

Abstract

The article aims to show a sample of the instruments currently used to enforce the objectives of environmental regulations, focusing on their effectiveness. It has a first descriptive or enumerative stage. Then it begins to outline a classification, taking into account, as stated in the title, the economic or market tools and those that are not. Some preferences, as well as some objections, are substantiated. The mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol are reviewed and a reflection is made on the payment for environmental services, highlighting the generalized absence of retribution for the use of the environment. A second stage is announced in which the effectiveness of the instruments will be evaluated and which will be based on the experiences being carried out, recalling the importance of raising awareness and the urgency of finding operational solutions. The title indicates that it is intended to fulfill two objectives 1) to show an overview, through a descriptive stage, of the tools in use to achieve behaviors that do not harm the environment and 2) an opinionated, evaluative stage, to assess the effectiveness of regulatory instruments. In the first, descriptive stage, the range of current resources to induce environmentally friendly behaviors will be presented. Not only the economic ones will be taken into account in order to establish comparisons.